Seminar, four hours. Examination of diverse set of foundational theories for educational researchers concerned with understanding, designing, and studying transformative, culturally sustaining, and democratic educational practices. Includes both founding parents and neo perspectives in emancipatory/liberatory pedagogy, sociocultural/sociohistorical activity theory, critical race theory, cultural modeling/culturally sustaining pedagogy and contributions from learning sciences, indigenous, post-colonial, sociological, political-economic, and anthropological approaches to educational research. Attends both to original ideas and how they have changed over time, as well as how faculty in the Urban Schooling program draw on these frameworks for their research. Letter grading.