Lecture, three hours. Requisite: course 115 or M117C. Designed for juniors/seniors. Every day we encounter something new. As result of these experiences, our brain builds cognitive models of our environment. This allows us to respond flexibly and efficiently when we encounter something similar in future. Discussion of types of models our brain builds that afford this flexible behavior, and how different regions of brain contribute in different ways to model building. Discussion of how different psychological disorders can be accounted for by disruptions in this process, providing key neural targets for pharmacological treatments. P/NP or letter grading.