Tutorial, 12 hours. Enforced requisite: course 196A. Enforced corequisite: course 180B. Expansion of scope, increasing depth, and implementation of independence in research to be performed in same laboratory as course 196A to facilitate learning and implementation of goals stated previously. Technical aspects vary depending on specific laboratory; however, all students use scientific method learned in course 196A and continue same experimental scope proposed, but with additional degree of independence in technical and intellectual aspects of research. Letter grading.