Lecture, two and one half hours. Requisites: courses M101A, M101B. Preparation: background in biology and biochemistry. Designed for third- and fourth-year Neuroscience majors. Science advances through development and adaptation of new tools and technologies. Covers commonly used techniques in neuroscience research, from classic RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry to newly emerged optogenetics, single cell RNAseq, and CRISPR. Students gain better understanding of various methods in field today and tools to advance their own potential research in future. Letter grading.