Studio/demonstration/performance, 90 minutes; outside study, four to five hours. Introduction to basics of singing diction and development of English and Italian skills for beginning students. Development of International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcription skills, along with addressing issues of translation. Exploration of variety of vocal repertoire, including opera, art songs, early music, recitative, and folk songs. Transcription, translation, speaking, and singing of texts from pieces assigned in course, as well as from repertoire being prepared for juries. P/NP or letter grading.