Lecture, three hours. Requisites: courses 3, 13, or equivalent taken within last three years. Course 230A is requisite to 230B. In-depth examination of general pathophysiological processes that underlie human illness and disease across all body systems including cellular adaptation, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, immunity, inflammation, infection, wound healing, genetics, neoplasms, temperature regulation, somatosensory and pain processing, stress and disease, and activity and fatigue regulation. Detailed study and analysis of manifestations of, and responses to, processes of cellular and molecular pathology at extracellular, system and human levels. Letter grading.