(Same as Musicology M82.) Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Roles of music during Holocaust are as varied as people who experienced it. Music was composed and performed by prisoners in almost every concentration camp; music was means for some individuals to gain favorable treatment, while others weaponized it. Traces development of European musical culture under Nazi regime (1933-45), focusing on how individuals interacted with music throughout Holocaust. Study of some of newest developments in Holocaust music research, including role American and European non-governmental organizations played in creation of artistic hubs in campus of southern France. Exploration also of cultural representations of Holocaust, and role of music in society's collective memory. Letter grading.