(Same as Indo-European Studies M150.) Lecture, four hours; discussion, one hour (when scheduled). Enforced requisite: course 1 or 20. Indo-European languages (ancient and modern), including their relationships, chief characteristics, writing systems, and sociolinguistic contexts; nature of reconstructed Indo-European proto-language and proto-culture. One or more Indo-European languages may be investigated in detail. P/NP or letter grading.