(Same as Geography M110.) Lecture, three hours; field trips. Requisite: Geography 1 or Life Sciences 7B. Designed for juniors/seniors. Development of principles of ecosystem ecology, with focus on understanding links between ecosystem structure and function. Emphasis on energy and water balances, nutrient cycling, plant-soil-microbe interactions, landscape heterogeneity, and human disturbance to ecosystems. P/NP or letter grading.