Lecture, three hours. Requisites: course 200C or 401, or Biostatistics 200A or 200B or 406, and course M403 or 407A or Biostatistics 203A. Provides students with necessary tools to evaluate effectiveness or impact of public health interventions. Study designs include non-randomized, quasi-experiments, and natural experiments. Covers both theoretical concepts as well as practical tools that encompass methods borrowed from related fields including social epidemiology, health policy, econometrics, and evaluation research. These methods include instrumental variable, difference-in-difference, synthetic control, regression discontinuity, and propensity score matching. S/U or letter grading.