Lecture, three or four hours; discussion, one hour (when scheduled). Designed for juniors/seniors. Historical rise of Fascism in Germany, Italy, Japan, and Eastern Europe; its social support and ideology. Focus on Germany, including Nazi economic policy (Tooze, "Wages of Destruction"). Do today's xenophobic movements in Europe and U.S. resemble earlier Fascism in ideology and social base? P/NP or letter grading.