Lecture, two hours; discussion, two hours. Highly recommended requisite or corequisite: course 111A. Study and evaluation of primary research literature. Study of foundations of modern techniques in physiology research, analysis of research design. Foundation for experimental study of principles of muscular and neural physiology and cellular and systems neuroscience, including factors controlling membrane excitability, neuronal circuits, sensorimotor regulation, special senses, cortical functions, and neural plasticity. Letter grading.