Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Across phylogenetically broad range of species, individuals in same developmental stage of life share vulnerabilities and similar challenges. Exploration of shared challenges facing animals as they transition from juveniles to mature adults through integration of behavioral ecology, neuroscience, life history theory, and phylogenetic modeling. Emphasis on life history theory, phylogenetic analyses, and development of testable hypotheses. Students gain understanding of how Tinbergean framework can be applied to understanding developmental characteristics; ability to conceive of and perform formal systematic review; skills necessary to create and interpret phylogenies; and framework for applying lenses of behavioral ecology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology to better understand coming of age on planet Earth. Letter grading.