Seminar, three hours. Enforced requisites: courses 120A, 120B, 120C, or one year of introductory Middle Egyptian. Advanced reading class in Old Egyptian, earliest of five Egyptian language phases, to prepare students for independent research on Egyptian texts dating to Old Kingdom (circa 2800 to 2100 BCE). Through close reading of texts in original language and original format, students learn grammar, orthography, and phraseology of Old Kingdom texts as well as tools and methods of epigraphy. Focus on tomb biographies, royal edicts, and Pyramid Texts. Letter grading.