Seminar, three hours. Knowledge of Korean not required. Examination of modernizing reforms adopted in Korea in 1894. Consideration of conflict among radical Westernizers who had studied in Japan and U.S., moderate reformers who followed Chinese model of adopting Western technology to defend Confucian order, and orthodox Confucians who strongly opposed any changes. Focus on historical and intellectual background in first half, with debates among students who assume roles in Deliberative Council that was responsible for designing reforms in second half. Letter grading.