Lecture, four hours. Focus on philosophical positions of body as determined by philosophical schools and intellectuals, past and present. Investigation that philosophical position of body has been significant factor in determining historic development of sport and physical activity/physical education; e.g., throughout history there were times where body was not held in high esteem, which negatively impacted development of sport. Theology also had impact upon how people viewed body. Sometimes sport thrived; sometimes it was condemned depending on theological beliefs. Body has history that is tied to sport history. Modernization theory used to explain how sport and physical activity evolved from pre-modern practice to modern practice. Study takes chronological, descriptive, and interpretive approaches. Letter grading.