Lecture, three hours. Required for MA (literature). Survey devoted to emergence of critical and psychological realism, beginning with early works of Turgenev, Goncharov, and Dostoevsky, moving to major novels of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Saltykov-Shchedrin, and concluding with works of the presymbolist period, especially short stories of Chekhov. S/U or letter grading.