Lecture, three hours. Survey devoted to emergence of critical and psychological realism, beginning with early works of Turgenev, Goncharov, and Dostoevsky, moving to major novels of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Saltykov-Shchedrin, and concluding with works of the presymbolist period, especially short stories of Chekhov. Course 212B or 292B is required for MA (literature). S/U or letter grading.